野桃树根对肝癌细胞毒作用的实验研究

目的：探讨野桃树根对肝癌细胞毒作用。方法：肝癌细胞株与野桃树根浸出液共同体外培养，MTT法测细胞毒作用。结果：0.2%,0.1%,0.05%,0.025%浓度的野桃树根浸出液对SMMC7721细胞的抑制率分别为77.97%,64.06%,36.34%,33.75%;0.2%,0.1%,0.05%,0.025%,0.0125%浓度的野桃树根浸出液对SK-HEP-1细胞的抑制率分别为100%，100%，100%，88.98%,82.64%。结论：野桃树根浸出液在体外对肝癌细胞有较强的杀伤作用。     

Molecular Study of Free‐ranging Mule Deer and White‐tailed Deer from British Columbia,Canada, for Evidence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp.

Twenty‐three free‐ranging white‐tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer (MD; Odocoileus hemionus) from south‐central British Columbia, Canada, were tested for Anaplasma marginale by msp5 gene‐specific PCR and Ehrlichia spp. by 16S rRNA or citrate synthase (gltA) gene‐specific PCR, as well as by PCR with universal 16S rRNA primers detecting a wide range of bacteria. No deer tested positive for A. marginale. Amplification with universal 16S rRNA primers followed by sequencing of cloned fragments detected an Anaplasma sp. in one of 23 (4.3%) WTD and six of six (100%) MD and Bartonella sp. in four of 23 (17.4%) WTD. The Anaplasma sp. was genetically distinct from A. marginale and all other recognized members of the genus. Four of six (66.7%) MD and 0 of 23 (0%) WTD were Ehrlichia positive by PCR with primers for 16S rRNA and gltA genes. The sequences of gltA PCR fragments were identical to each other and to the respective region of the gltA gene of an Ehrlichia sp. which we detected previously in naturally infected cattle from the same area, suggesting the possibility of biological transmission of this rickettsia between cattle and wild cervids. Antibodies reactive with the MSP5 protein of A. marginale were detected using a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in two of six (33.3%) MD, but not in WTD. The two seropositive MD were PCR positive for both the Anaplasma sp. and Ehrlichia sp. detected in this study, suggesting a reaction of antibodies against one or both of these rickettsias with the MSP5 antigen.     

Ammonium accumulation and chemokine decrease in culture media of Gcdh−/− 3D reaggregated brain cell cultures

Glutaric Aciduria type I (GA-I) is caused by mutations in the GCDH gene. Its deficiency results in accumulation of the key metabolites glutaric acid (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA) in body tissues and fluids. Present knowledge on the neuropathogenesis of GA-I suggests that GA and 3-OHGA have toxic properties on the developing brain.We analyzed morphological and biochemical features of 3D brain cell aggregates issued from Gcdh^?/? mice at two different developmental stages, day-in-vitro (DIV) 8 and 14, corresponding to the neonatal period and early childhood. We also induced a metabolic stress by exposing the aggregates to 10 mM l-lysine (Lys).Significant amounts of GA and 3-OHGA were detected in Gcdh^?/? aggregates and their culture media. Ammonium was significantly increased in culture media of Gcdh^?/? aggregates at the early developmental stage. Concentrations of GA, 3-OHGA and ammonium increased significantly after exposure to Lys. Gcdh^?/? aggregates manifested morphological alterations of all brain cell types at DIV 8 while at DIV 14 they were only visible after exposure to Lys. Several chemokine levels were significantly decreased in culture media of Gcdh^?/? aggregates at DIV 14 and after exposure to Lys at DIV 8.This new in vitro model for brain damage in GA-I mimics well in vivo conditions. As seen previously in WT aggregates exposed to 3-OHGA, we confirmed a significant ammonium production by immature Gcdh^?/? brain cells. We described for the first time a decrease of chemokines in Gcdh^?/? culture media which might contribute to brain cell injury in GA-I.     

Sex differences in circadian timing systems: Implications for disease

Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex. These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset by internal signals such as hormones, and external cues such as light. The present review highlights the inter-relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as a master clock synchronizing the phase of clocks throughout the body. Gonadal steroid receptors are expressed in almost every site that receives direct SCN input. Here we review sex differences in the circadian timing system in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG), the hypothalamic–adrenal–pituitary (HPA) axis, and sleep–arousal systems. We also point to ways in which disruption of circadian rhythms within these systems differs in the sexes and is associated with dysfunction and disease. Understanding sex differentiated circadian timing systems can lead to improved treatment strategies for these conditions.     

防风药材及饮片质量控制和评价思路

野生变家种过程中,中药材及饮片质量下降较为严重。为了更科学、合理地评价栽培药材的质量,以防风为例,探讨药材及饮片质量评价的研究思路。充分调研考察是评价的前提与关键。了解主产区、次产区的原药材栽培方式、种植年限,广泛收集不同产区的样品。以野生品为标杆,比较栽培品与野生品、道地产区与非道地产区药材在性状、鉴别、指纹图谱、浸出物、生物活性成分含量等多方面的差异,分析引起差异的原因,引导正确的栽培模式,使得栽培品的各项指标更接近于野生品。     

虎乳灵芝栽培品和野生品的脂溶性成分分析

目的比较虎乳灵芝栽培品和野生品脂溶性化学成分的差异。方法采用回流提取法提取虎乳灵芝野生品和栽培品(包括大米和木屑培养)菌核的脂溶性成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析栽培品和野生品的化学成分,并计算各化学成分的相对百分含量。结果虎乳灵芝大米、木屑栽培品及野生品分别鉴定出11种、10种、14种化合物。主要为烃类化合物,三者共有成分为2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、二十五烷和三十一烷等,并且二十五烷和三十一烷在大米栽培品、木屑栽培品和野生品中相对百分含量分别为15.85%、17.36%、16.43%和12.01%、11.58%、19.29%。三者成分差异表现为:大米栽培品含有麦角甾醇、二十九烷;木屑栽培品含有二十二烷、二十三烷、二十四烷;野生品还含有二十四烷、芥酸酰胺、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、亚油酸乙酯。结论栽培品和野生品的脂溶性成分中含有2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、二十五烷和三十一烷等相同的化学成分,但又存在明显的差异,可为虎乳灵芝栽培品的质量评价和开发利用提供参考。     

黑龙江省平原地区重点野生药用植物分析及易混品种辨析

目的 基于第四次全国中药资源普查,系统整理分析黑龙江省平原地区中药资源普查数据,明确黑龙江省平原地区重点野生药用植物种类、分布和生态环境,对其中易混品种进行辨析。方法 利用中药资源普查信息管理系统,对黑龙江省平原地区药用植物数据进行分析,梳理和总结重点野生药用植物资源的种类、生态环境及分布情况,从外观形态方面对易混淆的药用植物进行辨析。结果 黑龙江省平原地区重点野生药用植物资源共61种,分布在29科57属,主要分布于哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、大庆、绥化等地。结论 黑龙江省平原地区野生药用植物资源种类丰富,重点野生药用植物分布较为集中,为黑龙江省大力发展中药产业奠定了坚实基础。     

High‐Density Dependence But Low Impact on Selected Reproduction Parameters of Brucella suis Biovar 2 in Wild Boar Hunting Estates from South‐Western Spain

Porcine brucellosis is a disease caused by Brucella suis, which is characterized by reproductive disorders in pigs. The number of cases of swine brucellosis has risen in many European countries, likely because of the presence of a wild reservoir of B. suis in wild boar. This study aimed at evaluating factors that may influence the probability of infection with Brucella spp. in wild boar and at assessing the impact of a previous contact with Brucella spp. on reproductive parameters of wild boar. Two hundred and four wild boar living in Extremadura (south‐western Spain) were studied. The presence of anti‐Brucella antibodies was determined using an indirect ELISA, while the presence of living bacteria in genital organs was evaluated through microbiological cultures. Sex, age, density of wild boar in summer and presence of outdoor pigs were selected as possible risk factors for being seropositive for Brucella spp. in wild boar. In addition, reproductive parameters such as breeding status or potential fertility in females and testis weight in males were estimated and related to the presence of anti‐Brucella antibodies. A total of 121 animals were seropositive, resulting in a prevalence of 59.3% (95% CI). In addition, seven isolates of B. suis biovar 2 were obtained. Wild boar density in summer, as well as age and sex, was proposed as factors to explain the probability of Brucella seroconversion, although wild boar density in summer was the key factor. Current measures of reproductive parameters were not influenced by a previous contact with Brucella spp. Isolation of B. suis confirms that wild boar could represent a risk to domestic pig health in the study area. Wild boar density seems to have a great influence in the probability of infections with B. suis and suggests that density management could be useful to control Brucella infection in wild boar.     

改构型和野生型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠皮肤生长促进作用的比较

目的　比较改构型和野生型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子 ( a FGF)促进大鼠皮肤生长的作用。方法　将 2 mm× 2 mm的新生大鼠皮肤分别接种在含有 1、10和 10 0 μg/ L 3种不同浓度的改构型 a FGF和野生型 a FGF与体积分数为 10 %小牛血清的 Dulbecco改良 Eagle培养基中培养 4 d,然后测定生长后皮肤的面积。结果　空白对照组的皮肤面积为 ( 2 .96± 1.12 ) mm2 ,浓度为 1、10和 10 0 μg/ L 改构型 a FGF组的皮肤面积分别是空白对照组的 1.4、1.5和 1.3倍 ,而 3种不同浓度的野生型 a FGF组的皮肤面积分别是空白对照组的 1.5、3.2和 1.6倍。与其他组相比 ,只有浓度为 10μg/ L野生型 a FGF组的皮肤面积显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　改构型 a FGF对皮肤生长无显著刺激 ,其作用效果明显低于野生型 a FGF。     

菩提岛野生药用植物资源调查

目的:为唐山市菩提岛药用植物资源的合理利用与开发提供科学依据。方法:通过野外考察、标本采集、资料查阅整理及标本鉴定的方法对菩提岛药用植物资源的种类组成及药用价值进行深入的研究。结果:菩提岛药用植物共有51科96属108种。其中优势科为菊科、百合科、唇形科、萝藦科、蔷薇科、禾本科、豆科、十字花科,占菩提岛野生药用植物总资源的47.23%。对菩提岛药用植物的药用部位、功效进行了统计分析,对菩提岛极具开发价值的野生药用植物进行简要介绍。结论:菩提岛药用植物资源丰富,有很大的开发利用价值。